地方政府债务、银行信贷配置与制造业创新

地方政府债务的累积已经不仅仅是简单的风险问题,更是一个贯穿“财政-经济-金融”的系统性命题。基于2010—2020年A股制造业上市企业的面板数据,实证检验了地方政府债务、银行信贷配置与制造业创新三者之间的关系。结果发现：地方政府债务与制造业创新呈显著的“倒U型”关系,即在阈值内,地方债务上升能够刺激制造业创新,一旦超过阈值,则对制造业创新起到抑制作用,其中对垂直创新影响的阈值高于水平创新;银行信贷配置在地方政府债务对制造业创新的影响中具有部分中介效应。进一步分析发现,地方政府债务对制造业创新的影响关系存在区域异质性、所有制异质性,东部地区阈值较高,中部地区次之,西部地区阈值最低,且对非国有企业的挤出效应较强。因此,未来应上移地方政府债务的审批权限,并建立有效的投资效率评价机制。     

地方金融发展、监管与风险处置 ——基于地方性政策文件的研究

中央政府向地方政府进行金融分权时,给予了地方政府金融发展权,使得地方金融快速发展,但未给予其金融监管分权.地方金融发展权与金融监管权的错位使得地方金融发展乱象丛生,风险聚集.通过整理2008年以来各地方发布的关于地方金融发展、监管与风险处置的政策文件,发现东、中、西部地区省级政府地方金融发展和监管目标具有一致性,发布的文件类别主要为普惠金融、融资租赁和担保公司方面的;而市级政府金融发展和监管目标则围绕建设区域性金融中心为核心兼具一定的差异性.地方金融发展与地方金融监管具有连续性,政策发布高峰期集中于2015-2017年,地方金融风险整治重点从2011年的地方性交易所转向2016年的互联网金融领域.     

中国式分权下的地方政府干预与控制权转移绩效

以2006—2008年深圳证券交易所和上海证券交易所发生控制权转移的135家目标上市公司为样本,尝试给出中国式分权环境下地方政府干预行为对控制权转移后企业绩效影响的经验证据。研究发现:与控制权转移前1年相比,控制权转移后目标上市公司的综合绩效得分在3年内均能够得到显著的提升,但控制权转移当年的地方政府对经济的干预度越高,控制权转移后3年内的绩效提升作用就越不明显。这说明,地方政府干预对企业变更控制权后的绩效提升起到了负面的抑制作用。因而,尽量降低地方政府对经济的干预动机,是控制权转移市场有效发挥作用的重要前提。     

西南地区制造业专业化与产业同构及对策研究

为了解西南地区制造业专业化水平与产业同构程度,提高市场一体化水平,文章利用克鲁格曼指数和区位熵衡量了20个制造业2002～2014年的地区专业化水平,结果表明西南地区间专业化水平与地区间一体化水平偏低,且13年来无明显提高;各省市存在较严重的产业同构但有缓解趋势;优势产业主要体现在资源和劳动密集型的传统产业和重工业,高新技术产业较缺乏。基于分析,提出了加快实现行政区经济向市场化区域经济转变,建立健全区域产业合作利益分享与补偿机制,强化西南地区协同产业定位,加快具有优势的传统产业和重工业的优化升级,实现传统主导优势产业裂变或内涵式转型升级等发展对策。     

中国区域创新绩效评价的影响因素研究——基于面板数据空间杜宾模型计量分析

本文利用2004～2013年中国大陆各省、直辖市、自治区的面板数据,运用空间杜宾模型对中国区域创新绩效评价的影响因素进行了实证研究。研究表明：前期专利存量、研发人员数量占就业人员比例对区域创新绩效呈正向影响;研发经费投入强度、外贸依存度对区域创新绩效呈负向影响;前期专利存量对区域创新绩效有着显著的空间滞后影响;区域创新绩效存在着显著的空间自相关效应,呈现空间依赖性和空间集聚现象。根据实证分析的结论提出了相关建议。     

央地财政关系：协调失灵与地方政府财政赤字扩张偏向

文章基于央地财政关系协调失灵导致地方财政赤字扩张偏向的理论假设和现实背景,通过构建一个协调博弈理论模型,运用我国1995-2012年省级空间面板数据模型的GS 2 SLS 和System GMM的回归分析,系统研究了“央地财政关系”对地方政府财政赤字扩张偏向的影响机制。研究发现：我国地方政府存在财政赤字决策的相互模仿行为,中央政府存在通过财政协调机制来协调地方政府的财政决策行为,但并不成功。这意味着我国“央地财政关系”确实存在协调失灵,进而导致地方政府财政赤字持续膨胀的经济现象。     

Trends in local government in Europe

Abstract

The article explores which reform trends are expected to play a significant role in the further development of local government in European countries. Analysis is based on an adopted Delphi survey of (mainly academic) local government experts from thirty-two countries. Results include a list of trends structured by the perceived importance for the coming ten years. Redistributing responsibilities and duties across levels of government constitute the highest ratings out of all trends. Furthermore, results do not provide clear evidence to support a shift from public management to governance as has recently been proclaimed in academic debate and literature. Management topics continue to be of great importance. Last but not least, clusters extracted point to different reform groups, which highlight more reluctant or enthusiastic attitudes to the relevance of the suggested trends of the study.     

Reforming local public services

Abstract

The following article is aimed at analysing reforms in public service delivery and management at the local level of government in Germany and France from a cross-countries comparative perspective. Particular attention is paid to the results and effects these reform initiatives have caused with regard to the administrative organization, steering capacities, and output performance. Two major approaches of reform will be addressed: privatization, contracting-out, and ‘corporatization’ of local services on the one hand and public management reforms on the other. Proceeding from the distinct ‘starting conditions’ of reforms in the two local government systems, the question will be pursued, as to whether there has been an increasingly convergent or divergent development in French and German local service provision, and how these evolutions can be explained.     

Local Political Corruption: Potential structural malfunctions at the central–local,local–local and intra-local levels

Abstract

Despite growing preoccupation on the part of both the public and researchers with the concept of political corruption and the ‘corruption eruption’ phenomenon, research studies addressing corruption in local government are few and far between. This exploratory research offers a theoretical conceptualization of institutionalized corruption in local government, and identifies structural factors that lead to such corruption. Further, this study empirically assesses institutional corruption at the local level and its correlation to attitudes and characteristics of local authorities and their populations, based on a survey of 1,709 residents of 156 local authorities in Israel and data on the local authorities from a separate database. This article proposes a model according to which local corruption arises from structural factors at three levels: the central–local level (relations between local authorities and the central government); the local–local level (competition between local authorities) and the intra-local level (factors relating to the performance of local councils and local democracy). Our analyses reveal correlations among characteristics of the local authority and community, residents' perceptions of local performance and perceptions of local corruption. Implications of the findings in light of strategies conventionally employed against corruption in local government are discussed.     

Team Work or Territorial War?

Abstract

This article studies the extent to which the newly created figure of the management team in local government in Flanders might lead to changes in administrative conduct. It uses a new institutionalism perspective in three worlds of action to study the mediating effect of meso-organizational and micro-individual factors on macro-constitutional reform. The empirical analysis (based on an assessment of the reform by the key acting municipal secretaries) highlights the importance of meso-factors for change. Especially the extent to which integrative thinking and independence from politics are present in the administrative logic of appropriateness seems to matter. This is complemented by micro-individual assumptions on the overall improvement of the macro-constitutive framework of reform.